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{{infobox person
|name =  Samad Behrangi
|image = Samad Behrangi.JPG
|imagesize = 140
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|6|24|mf=y}}
|birth_place = [[Tabriz]], Iran
|death_date = {{death date and age|1967|8|31|1939|6|22|mf=y}}
|death_place = [[Aras River]]
|death_cause= Drowning
|nationality = [[Iran]]ian
|occupation = {{flatlist|
* Short story writer
* social critic
* poet
* translator
}}
}}

'''Samad Behrangi''' ({{lang-fa|صمد بهرنگی}}; June 24, 1939 – August 31, 1967) was an [[Iran]]ian teacher, social critic, folklorist, translator, and short story writer of [[Iranian Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] descent.<ref>{{ cite web | last=Hillman | first=Michael | title=BEHRANGĪ, ṢAMAD |
 url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/behrangi-samad-teacher}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hillmann |first=Michael. |title=Samad Behrangi |publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/v4f1/v4f1a067.html }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is famous for his children's books, particularly ''[[The Little Black Fish]]''. Influenced by predominantly [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] ideologies that were common among the intelligentsia of his era‌, which made him popular among the [[Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas]], his books typically portrayed the lives of the children of the urban poor and encouraged the individual to change his/ her circumstances by her own initiatives.

==Life==
He was born in [[Tabriz]] to a working-class Iranian family. Son to Ezzat and Sara, he had two other brothers and three sisters. His father was seasonal worker and his income was never sufficient, who eventually left Iran like millions of other workers on the move for better life conditions for the Caucasus and never returned. He finished elementary school and three years of secondary school before enrolling in a teacher training school, finishing the program in 1957. Thus, only receiving few years of education, at the age of 18, he became a teacher, and continued to be so for the rest of his life, in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. In the next eleven years, while teaching [[Persian language|Persian]] in rural schools of [[Iranian Azerbaijan]], he attained a B.A. degree in [[English language|English]] from [[Tabriz University]].<ref>Hillmann.</ref> He started publishing stories in 1960, his first being ''Adat'' "Custom". He carried on writing stories, along translating from English and Azerbaijani to Persian and vice versa.
Later, claiming that he was impolite, he was dismissed from his high school teaching position and assigned to an elementary school. Then, as his cultural works increased, he was accused and pursued, and suspended of teaching. After a while his sentence was called off and he returned to schools. Later, he attended student protests.<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Authors/Behrangi.html A Brief Note on Samad Behrangi's Life] by [[Iraj Bashiri]]</ref>

Apart from children's stories, he wrote many [[Pedagogy|pedagogical]] essays and collected and published several samples of oral Iranian Azerbaijani literature. His folklore studies have usually been done with the help of his colleague [[Behrooz Dehghani]], who helped publish some of Behrangi's works after his early death. Behrangi also has a few Azeri translations from [[Persian language|Persian]] poems by [[Ahmad Shamlou]], [[Forough Farrokhzad]], and [[Mehdi Akhavan-Sales]].

==Literary works==
Apart from Children's Stories, he wrote many [[Pedagogy|pedagogical]] essays and collected and published several samples of oral [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] literature. His folklore studies have usually been done with the help of his colleague [[Behrooz Dehghani]], who helped publish some of Behrangi's works after his early death. Behrangi also has a few [[Azerbaijani language]] translations of [[Persian language|Persian]] poems by [[Ahmad Shamlou]], [[Forough Farrokhzad]], and [[Mehdi Akhavan-Sales]].

==Death==
Behrangi drowned in the [[Aras river]] and his death was blamed on the [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi]] government.<ref>[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/samad_behrangi.php Samad Behrangi]</ref> It is believed that an army officer, Hamzeh Farahati, was seen with him when he drowned. Farahati in his book<ref>http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2006/11/061120_mv-mb-samad-hamze.shtml</ref> and in an interview with VOA<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KggJoJ0-Tsw</ref> has unequivocally claimed that Samad drowned and was not killed by SAVAK.

==Some of his works==
*''[[The Little Black Fish]]''
* ''Investigations into the Educational Problems of Iran'' (کندوکاو در مسائل تربیتی ایران)
* ''Ulduz and the talking doll''
* ''Ulduz and the crows''
* ''Talkhoon''
* ''One peach and 1000 peaches''
* The Complete Stories of Behrang, publishers, Persian Culture & Art Institute, Vancouver and Zagros Publications, Montreal, Canada

==See also==
{{Portal|Poetry|Children's literature}}
* [[Imamieh]]
* [[Tabriz]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* [[Abbas Milani|Milani, Abbas]]. "Samad Behrangi," in ''Eminent Persians'', Vol. 2. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008, pp.&nbsp;838–842
* Preface and backcover text from Samad Behrangi, ''Talkhoon va Chand Ghesse-ye Digar'' (Talkhoon and other stories), Behrangi Publishings, Tabriz, 1998, {{ISBN|964-90517-2-4}}.
* {{cite journal |last1=Khanlarzadeh |first1=Mina |title=The stories of rebellious children at the time of the 1979 revolution |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |date=2021 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2021.1978280|s2cid=239076656 }}
* Tahbaz, Sirous, ''Samad Behrangi va Mahi-e Koochooloo-ye Daanaa'' (Samad Behrangi and the Wise Little Fish).

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/samad_behrangi.php Samad's Stories in English]
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/works/the_little_black_fish.php Samad Stories: ''The Little Black Fish'']
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/works/24_restless_hours.php Samad Stories: 24 Restless Hours]
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/works/the_little_sugar_beet_vendor.php Samad Stories: The Little Sugar Beet Vendor]
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/works/the_tale_of_love.php Samad Stories: The Tale of Love]
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/works/talkhun.php Samad Stories: Talkhun]
*[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/sbehrangi/works/in_search_of_faith.php Samad Stories: In Search of Faith]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Authors/Behrangi.html Samad Behrangi's life]. A biography by Professor [[Iraj Bashiri]], [[University of Minnesota]].
*{{in lang|az|fa}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213840/http://www.samad.8k.com/ Samad Site]
*{{in lang|de|fa}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070125121536/http://members.chello.at/plejaden/behrangi.html Samad's life and the stories]
*{{in lang|fa}} [http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/arts/story/2006/11/061120_mv-mb-samad-hamze.shtml Samad Behrangi's death accident - from Hamzeh Farahati's memoir]
*[https://www.facebook.com/PERCAI/]

{{Azerbaijani Turkic literature}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Behrangi, Samad}}
[[Category:Azerbaijani-language writers]]
[[Category:Iranian Azerbaijani writers]]
[[Category:Iranian children's writers]]
[[Category:Iranian essayists]]
[[Category:People from Tabriz]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Social critics]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning]]
[[Category:University of Tabriz alumni]]
[[Category:Poets from Tabriz]]
[[Category:20th-century essayists]]
[[Category:Translators of Forough Farrokhzad]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]